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 Occurrence of eight household micropollutants in urban wastewater andtheir fate in a wastewater treatment plant. Statistical evaluation
Tác giả hoặc Nhóm tác giả: Laure Pasquini, Jean-François Munoz, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Jacques Yvon, Xavier Dauchy, Xavier France, Nang Dinh Le, Christian France-Lanord, Tatiana Görner
Nơi đăng: Science of the Total Environment; Số: 481;Từ->đến trang: 459-468;Năm: 2014
Lĩnh vực: Môi trường; Loại: Bài báo khoa học; Thể loại: Quốc tế
TÓM TẮT
ABSTRACT
The occurrence in urban wastewater of eight micropollutants (erythromycin, ibuprofen, 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), ofloxacin, sucralose, triclosan, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)) originating from household activities and their fate in a biological wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were investigated. Their concentrations were assessed in the liquid and solid phases (sewage particulate matter and wasted activated sludge (WAS)) by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The analysis of sewage from two different urban catchments connected to theWWTP showed a specific use of ofloxacin in the mixed catchment due to the presence of a hospital, and higher concentrations of sucralose in the residential area. TheWWTP process removed over 90% of ibuprofen and triclosan from wastewater, while only 25% of ofloxacin was eliminated. Erythromycin, sucralose and PFOA were not removed from wastewater, the influent and effluent concentrations remaining at about 0.7 μg/L, 3 μg/L and 10 ng/L respectively. The behavior of PFOS and 4-nonylphenol was singular, as concentrations were higher at theWWTP outlet than at its inlet. This was probably related to the degradation of some of their precursors (such as alkylphenol ethoxylates and polyfluorinatedcompounds resulting in 4-NP and PFOS, respectively) during biological treatment. 4-NP, ofloxacin, triclosan and perfluorinated compounds were found adsorbed on WAS (from 5 ng/kg for PFOAto 1.0 mg/kg for triclosan). The statistical methods (principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions) were applied to examine relationships among the concentrations of micropollutants and macropollutants (COD, ammonium, turbidity) entering and leaving the WWTP. A strong relationship with ammonium indicated that some micropollutants enter wastewater via human urine. A statistical analysis of WWTP operation gave a model for estimating micropollutant output from theWWTP based on a measurement of macropollution parameters.
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